Graadescope

Gradescope helps instructors seamlessly administer and grade assessments, whether online or in-person. Dynamic rubrics Built in advance or created on the fly, rubrics can be constructed collaboratively and adjusted at any time. 11K views 4 years ago. Gradescope is a grading software that leverages computers and artificial intelligence to streamline tedious parts of grading. Gradescope … Gradescope helps instructors seamlessly administer and grade assessments, whether online or in-person. Dynamic rubrics Built in advance or created on the fly, rubrics can be constructed collaboratively and adjusted at any time. You signed in with another tab or window. Reload to refresh your session. You signed out in another tab or window. Reload to refresh your session. You switched accounts on another tab or window.The Insider Trading Activity of Herman Cipora on Markets Insider. Indices Commodities Currencies StocksGradescope Assignments feature a Statistics page, which provides analysis of student performance in a particular assignment. It provides the minimum and maximum scores for the assignment, student averages by question, and also the median, mean and standard deviation at assignment and question level.After installing and opening the app, login to see your Gradescope courses and assignments. To upload a submission, click on the assignment in the “Not Submitted” tab and either “Select File” to select an existing file from your device or “Scan” all pages of your completed work using your iPhone’s camera. Once you submit your file ...Hereditary fructose intolerance is a disorder in which a person lacks the protein needed to break down fructose. Fructose is a fruit sugar that naturally occurs in the body. Man-ma...What is Gradescope? Gradescope is a tool designed to streamline and standardize the grading of paper-based, digital, and coding assignments. Gradescope allows for handwritten assignments to be graded …A year in review: The latest and greatest Gradescope updates. Managing assessment logistics in large, multi-section courses can be extremely complex. Instructors and course coordinators need to ensure fairness while also providing flexibility with submission windows, regrade requests from students, and various assessment types, …Gradescope is a tool licensed by CMU and integrated with Canvas for easy access by students and instructors. When you need to complete a Gradescope assignment, here are a few easy steps you will take to prepare and upload your assignment, as well as to see your assignment status and grades. Students use Gradescope to:If you have a handmade business and need to find out where to find wholesale craft supplies, the suppliers on this list will have what you need. Finding wholesale craft supplies fo...Gradescope Gradescope helps instructors to seamlessly administer and grade bubble sheet exams and a variety of other assessments, whether online or in-class.This can reduce time spent grading and provide a clearer picture of student performance. Please note, the current Gradescope contract is set to expire on August 17th, 2024.Gradescope is a suite of tools designed to accommodate a common grading workflow. Students or instructors scan and upload their homework or exams. Instructors and GSIs create a living rubric that allows for speedy grading of large courses. The software can reveal valuable statistics about students work, and provide a path for students to ...The following enhancements make Gradescope even easier for instructors and help provide rich feedback to students. Never miss a page: When an assignment has multiple pages, such as with variable length assignments, it can be easy to skip or miss a page while grading. A new notification at the top of each submission shows how many …Gradescope helps you seamlessly administer and grade all of your assessments, whether online or in-class. Save time grading and get a clear picture of how your students are doing. Sign Up for Free Get a Demo. Harvey Mudd College Harvard Georgia Tech Erasmus University Rotterdam Duke University UC Davis Cornell University James Madison ...Gradescope. Gradescope is a feedback and assessment tool that dramatically reduces the time associated with grading exams, homework, and other assignments. It is widely used for delivering assessments remotely. Gradescope enables instructors and graders to give better and more timely feedback, resulting in improved … Gradescope also helps instructors in grading fairly and objectively. Gradescope allows you and the teaching team to grade anonymously and changes to the dynamic rubric are automatically applied to all submissions ensuring accuracy and fairness. Gradescope also makes it easy to give feedback comments and annotations on student submissions. Gradescope is a tool licensed by CMU and integrated with Canvas for easy access by instructors and students. Gradescope helps instructors grade paper-based assignments online by speeding up the grading process as well as provide effective and timely feedback. Faculty will use Gradescope to: We've prepared a syllabus blurb for you to adopt or ...Gradescope is an online platform that can be used to create a common grading workflow for existing and newly created paper-based, digital and code assignments/exams. Instructors can generate Rubric items, including descriptions and point values, to assign or reduce points as Gradescope presents each student submission. Once you’ve done the scanning process once, the subsequent scans will go much more quick…. Updated 2 years ago. Here you'll find instructor-specific answers to commonly asked questions and troubleshooting issues for your Gradescope account, courses, and assignments. Gradescope is used primarily by instructors in the physical and life science disciplines in LAS (e.g., Chemical Sciences, Mathematics, Statistics, and others) as well as in Engineering. Most needs in other disciplinary categories seem to be covered adequately by the various systems—for example, Moodle and Compass—already in use on our campus. 建立程式設計作業. Gradescope 程式設計作業可搭配所有程式設計語言並可手動評分或者使用程式碼自動批改器，或者使用兩者的組合。. 也可以產生程式碼相似度報告來標示可能的抄襲案例以供教師複查。. 此影片顯示如何建立程式設計作業、使用程式碼自動批改 ... Gradescope is a tool licensed by CMU and integrated with Canvas for easy access by students and instructors. When you need to complete a Gradescope assignment, here are a few easy steps you will take to prepare and upload your assignment, as well as to see your assignment status and grades. Students use Gradescope to: Gradescope provides a language-agnostic platform for running your autograders on our infrastructure. By running in Docker containers, we give you full flexibility in setting up whatever language, compilers, libraries, or other dependencies you need for your programming assignments. You provide us with a setup script and an autograder script ...If you have already voted for features on our old roadmap, you don’t need to vote again. We will look at votes from both sites. Gradescope’s Trello roadmap can still be accessed and viewed, but it is no longer interactive or editable. Save time grading your existing paper-based assignments and see exactly what your students learned, for free.Gradescope is a tool that helps you grade and understand student work in half the time. Learn how to use it for remote assessment, course workflow, assignment workflow, and … Next click Grade Submissions in the left sidebar. Go to the first submission for this new question. On the first submission, click Rubric Settings. In the Rubric Settings, set the scoring type to positive scoring (to add points) or negative scoring (to subtract points), and disable the point floor and point ceiling. Gradescope has three staff roles: Instructors, TAs, and Readers. The TA and Reader roles share the same permissions in Gradescope, so you can choose to designate someone either as a TA or Reader to suite your course needs. Please see the following table for a list of staff roles and their permissions. Staff Roles and Permissions Мы хотели бы показать здесь описание, но сайт, который вы просматриваете, этого не позволяет.Gradescope is a tool licensed by CMU and integrated with Canvas for easy access by instructors and students. Gradescope helps instructors grade paper-based assignments online by speeding up the grading process as well as provide effective and timely feedback. Faculty will use Gradescope to: We've prepared a syllabus blurb for you to adopt or ...Feb 8, 2024 · Gradescope is a tool that instructors with large classes can use to assist in grading coursework quickly and efficiently. Instructors or students upload pdfs of the completed assignment directly into the Gradescope tool and the instructor can apply a custom rubric that allows for uniform grading and feedback. Instructors also receive analytics ... A short demonstration/tutorial on how to set up a course on Gradescope, create an assignment, grade it, and leave feedback for students. I also show what the...Gradescope Autograder Documentation Home; Updates; Getting Started; Autograder Specifications; Manual Grading; Technical Details; Base Images; Debugging via SSH. Adding an SSH key. Account settings; Logging in via SSH; Persisting changes; Troubleshooting; Python 3 Issues; Autograder Best Practices;To create a programming assignment, go to the course’s Assignments page and click Create Assignment in the bottom right of the page. Select Programming Assignment from the list of assignment types. Students …Gradescope has three staff roles: Instructors, TAs, and Readers. The TA and Reader roles share the same permissions in Gradescope, so you can choose to designate someone either as a TA or Reader to suite your course needs. Please see the following table for a list of staff roles and their permissions. Staff Roles and PermissionsAdding tags to your assignment's questions allows you to track student performance and progress on particular course concepts. On the Assignment Statistics page, make sure the Show Questions tab is selected. To assign a tag to a specific question, locate the question and select Click to Add Tags. Enter in a tag name, and press enter or select ...The book value of stock is based upon the company's books. The difference between the company's assets and liabilities is its book value. That figure divided by the number of share...AI-Assisted Answer Groups - Uses Gradescope’s artificial intelligence to automatically group similar student answers that instructors can review and grade (available only for some question types). This video shows how to set up, review, and grade student submissions using manual answer grouping or AI-Assisted answer grouping for a fixed-template …Gradescope is a tool designed to streamline and standardize the collection, grading, and feedback process for paper-based, digital, and code assignments. It supports assignments designed as problem sets and projects as well as worksheets, quizzes, exams, and papers. Gradescope's versatility provides opportunities for instructors to apply ...What is Gradescope? Gradescope is a tool designed to streamline and standardize the grading of paper-based, digital, and coding assignments. Gradescope allows for handwritten assignments to be graded …You’ll see the actual lines of the Gradescope .in tests along with your errors, which makes debugging easier since you can write that test locally and use the runner.py script to debug it. However, you will likely not have enough time to fully debug the assignment on Thursday/Friday even with full grader logs, so you should be writing and … AI-Assisted Answer Groups - Uses Gradescope’s artificial intelligence to automatically group similar student answers that instructors can review and grade (available only for some question types). This video shows how to set up, review, and grade student submissions using manual answer grouping or AI-Assisted answer grouping for a fixed ... Here are 10 ways Gradescope helps turn grading into learning: 1. Gradescope Modernizes Traditional Grading. Gradescope was founded with the belief that there has to be a better way to evaluate student work. By combining deep instructor expertise with the latest machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI), …Gradescope is a tool that instructors with large classes can use to assist in grading coursework quickly and efficiently. Instructors or students upload pdfs of the completed assignment directly into the Gradescope tool and the instructor can apply a custom rubric that allows for uniform grading and feedback. Instructors also receive …Rating Action: Moody's revises Beijing Energy's outlook to stable from negative; affirms A3 ratingVollständigen Artikel bei Moodys lesen Indices Commodities Currencies StocksGradescope, as the name suggests, is a digital tool for grading. The idea is to make submissions, grading, and assessing all easier. As such, this uses an app and online-based platform to provide …Wyndham Rewards has returned with another promotion where you can earn up to 35,000 bonus points after completing a minimum-stay requirement! We may be compensated when you click o... Turnitin has acquired Gradescope, an assessment platform that reduces the time associated with grading in college courses via an optimized online workflow and clever application of artificial intelligence. Gradescope makes it easier for instructors to quickly grade assignments and gain additional insights about student learning in any area of ... Gradescope also helps instructors in grading fairly and objectively. Gradescope allows you and the teaching team to grade anonymously and changes to the dynamic rubric are automatically applied to all submissions ensuring accuracy and fairness. Gradescope also makes it easy to give feedback comments and annotations on student submissions. Gradescope - Help for Students. Visit the Gradescope homepage on the Digital Education Systems Help website for guides to help you use Gradescope. You will also be able to search for answers if you're not sure which guide you might need. Links to some of the how-to guides available on the website are also provided below:Sep 21, 2023 · Gradescope is a feedback and assessment tool meant to reduce the effort and time associated with grading exams, homework, and other assignments. It enables instructors and graders to give deeper and more timely feedback, and uses dynamic rubrics to help streamline tedious work. Gradescope can help instructors eliminate unconscious bias. Gradescope helps save time grading via machine learning and artificial intelligence combined with instructor expertise. A digital record of student work is created when assignments are graded with Gradescope. Dynamic rubrics can help teachers provide quick and consistent feedback to students. Both paper based and online assignments and ...If you have a handmade business and need to find out where to find wholesale craft supplies, the suppliers on this list will have what you need. Finding wholesale craft supplies fo...Deliver and Grade Your Assessments Anywhere. Gradescope helps you seamlessly administer and grade all of your assessments, whether online or in-class. Save time grading and get a clear picture of how your students are doing. Sign Up for Free Get a Demo. Harvey Mudd College Harvard Georgia Tech Erasmus University Rotterdam … 建立程式設計作業. Gradescope 程式設計作業可搭配所有程式設計語言並可手動評分或者使用程式碼自動批改器，或者使用兩者的組合。. 也可以產生程式碼相似度報告來標示可能的抄襲案例以供教師複查。. 此影片顯示如何建立程式設計作業、使用程式碼自動批改 ... Deliver and Grade Your Assessments Anywhere. Gradescope helps you seamlessly administer and grade all of your assessments, whether online or in-class. Save time grading and get a clear picture of how your students are doing. Sign Up for Free Get a Demo. Harvey Mudd College Harvard Georgia Tech Erasmus University Rotterdam …Gradescope aids you in grading and understanding student work, which is a function of the institution's employees. Is under the direct control of the agency or institution with respect to the use and maintenance of education records. We only use educational records to perform and improve the service. We will delete student records upon request.Gradescope is an online platform designed for educators to streamline the grading and assessment process. It allows instructors to efficiently grade assignments, exams and homework submitted by students digitally. It also helps educators save time and maintain consistency in grading. Gradescope is fully integrated with iCollege, including the ...Gradescope. Gradescope is a feedback and assessment tool that dramatically reduces the time associated with grading exams, homework, and other assignments. It is widely used for delivering assessments remotely. Gradescope enables instructors and graders to give better and more timely feedback, resulting in improved …Get ready to cruise Alaska: Here's everything you need to know about the best itineraries, ports of call and ships sailing the region, as well as key planning tips. Alaska may be o...The U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) has charged a 22-year-old Ukrainian citizen linked to the REvil ransomware gang for orchestrating the July ransomware attack against U.S. techn...If you have already voted for features on our old roadmap, you don’t need to vote again. We will look at votes from both sites. Gradescope’s Trello roadmap can still be accessed and viewed, but it is no longer interactive or editable. Save time grading your existing paper-based assignments and see exactly what your students learned, for free.Gradescope allows you to grade paper-based exams, quizzes, bubble sheets, and homework. In addition, Gradescope enables you to grade programming assignments (graded automatically or manually) and lets you create online assignments that students can answer right on Gradescope. For paper assignments, Gradescope works well for many …Undercover Tourist sells discounted tickets to some of the most popular theme parks in the U.S. including Walt Disney World and Universal. We may be compensated when you click on p...Now that the coronavirus is forcing thousands of people to work from home, the Matador staff is giving tips on working remotely. As the coronavirus forces millions of people to mak...Gradescope is a web-based assessment and rubric tool that is available to instructors teaching in the FAS.Gradescope, which integrates with Canvas via LTI, allows instructors to see detailed assignment and question analytics and allows students to receive consistent, detailed feedback on their work. Learn more about Gradescope from fellow Instructors.1 day ago · Gradescope offers instructors excellent support via online help pages and email support. Gradescope has help available within every page of their site. Simply click on the "Help" icon at the bottom right corner of each page. Complete online help for all Gradescope questions can be found at " help.gradescope.com. Gradescope is a tool that helps administer and grade assessments, allowing students to receive faster and more detailed feedback on their work, and allows instructors to see detailed assignment and question analytics.. Availability: University Park and New Kensington. For more information on support and how to get started please visit the …Sep 9, 2020 · Gradescope. Gradescope is a feedback and assessment tool that dramatically reduces the time associated with grading exams, homework, and other assignments. It is widely used for delivering assessments remotely. Gradescope enables instructors and graders to give better and more timely feedback, resulting in improved learning outcomes. Detailed analytics help instructors get a clear picture of student performance and address potential roadblocks in real-time. Ready to talk? Chat with an expert. Schedule a call. Transform grading into learning from anywhere with Gradescope's modern assessment platform, efficient grading workflows, and actionable student data. Gradescope offers instructors excellent support via online help pages and email support. Gradescope has help available within every page of their site. Simply click on the "Help" icon at the bottom right corner of each page. Complete online help for all Gradescope questions can be found at " help.gradescope.com.Creating an Online assignment. On your course’s homepage, click Assignments (left sidebar) and then Create Assignment (bottom right). Select Online Assignment from the list of assignment types when it appears. Add an assignment title, set a release date, due date, and, optionally, a late due date.Gradescope makes it easier for instructors to quickly grade assignments and gain additional insights about student learning in any area of study, including economics, business, and STEM. Under the Turnitin umbrella, Gradescope’s tools combine our commitment to authenticity with efficient, unbiased, and consistent evaluations for any assignment type, …Gradescope - Help for Students. Visit the Gradescope homepage on the Digital Education Systems Help website for guides to help you use Gradescope. You will also be able to search for answers if you're not sure which guide you might need. Links to some of the how-to guides available on the website are also provided below:Gradescope is a grading software that leverages computers and artificial intelligence to streamline tedious parts of grading. Gradescope can be beneficial ac...Aug 4, 2022 · Gradescope. Gradescope helps you seamlessly administer and grade all of your assessments, whether online or in-class. Save time grading and get a clear picture of how your students are doing. Gradescope supports variable-length assignments (problem sets & projects) as well as fixed-template assignments (worksheets, quizzes, bubble sheets, and ... The book value of stock is based upon the company's books. The difference between the company's assets and liabilities is its book value. That figure divided by the number of share... Gradescope helps instructors seamlessly administer and grade assessments, whether online or in-person. Dynamic rubrics Built in advance or created on the fly, rubrics can be constructed collaboratively and adjusted at any time. Solution 2: Ask an admin or another instructor to change your Canvas role to "instructor" and then have them resync the roster in Gradescope. Solution 3: If your role or permissions cannot be changed, ask another instructor to sync the roster or post grades in Gradescope for you. I can only sync part of my roster.Gradescope is used primarily by instructors in the physical and life science disciplines in LAS (e.g., Chemical Sciences, Mathematics, Statistics, and others) as well as in Engineering. Most needs in other disciplinary categories seem to be covered adequately by the various systems—for example, Moodle and Compass—already in use on our campus.Gradescope helps save time grading via machine learning and artificial intelligence combined with instructor expertise. A digital record of student work is created when assignments are graded with Gradescope. Dynamic rubrics can help teachers provide quick and consistent feedback to students. Both paper based and online assignments and ...Gradescope makes it easy for educators to digitise student submissions, including handwritten diagrams. Its AI-assisted Answer Groups feature identifies patterns in …Gradescope 101 and Gradescope 202 courses include some pre-loaded assignments and instructors can add additional assignments of any type to either course. All assignments are pre-loaded with sample rosters and submissions, so that you can try out grading right away. These are legacy demo courses that will only appear in older instructor accounts.ITS is excited to announce a new tool, Gradescope! Gradescope supports assignments like problem sets and projects as well as template assignments like worksheets, quizzes, and exams. With Gradescope, instructors can administer, collect, and grade paper-based, digital, and programming assignments in a quick and easy workflow …Rating Action: Moody's revises Beijing Energy's outlook to stable from negative; affirms A3 ratingVollständigen Artikel bei Moodys lesen Indices Commodities Currencies Stockssession = GSConnection() This creates a session but does not do any login work. This leaves the connection in an inactive state. In order to activate it you can call the following: session.login('[email protected]', 'my_password') Contribute to apozharski/gradescope-api development by creating an account on GitHub.Gradescope helps you seamlessly administer and grade all of your assessments, whether online or in-class. Save time grading and get a clear picture of how your students are doing. Sign Up for Free Get a Demo. Harvey Mudd College Harvard Georgia Tech Erasmus University Rotterdam Duke University UC Davis Cornell University James Madison ...ITS is excited to announce a new tool, Gradescope! Gradescope supports assignments like problem sets and projects as well as template assignments like worksheets, quizzes, and exams. With Gradescope, instructors can administer, collect, and grade paper-based, digital, and programming assignments in a quick and easy workflow …gradescope-utils Public. Python package for building Gradescope autograders. Python 33 MIT 24 4 4 Updated yesterday. autograder_samples Public. Examples of autograders for running on Gradescope. Java 71 148 3 2 Updated on Dec 13, 2023. webdrivers Public Forked from mascolim/webdrivers.House wraps are a very popular scene on construction sites. Officially known as Water Resistant Barriers (WRB), this material plays a very significant Expert Advice On Improving Yo...To export submissions made to an Exam, Homework, or Bubble Sheet Assignment, click the Export Submissions button on the Review Grades page. When you do that, Gradescope will download a folder containing a submission metadata file and PDFs of each student's latest submission. Gradescope will also email you a link to a zipped folder of the same ...Gradescope uses Turnitin as its plagiarism checker. Under the Turnitin umbrella, Gradescope’s tools emphasize authenticity, combined with efficient, unbiased, and consistent evaluations for various assignment types, including paper-based problem sets, computer code, and engineering diagrams. 2.Gradescope | 1,045 followers on LinkedIn. Deliver and Grade Your Assessments Anywhere | Our mission is to make education as effective and efficient as possible.Gradescope is an online suite of tools designed to accommodate a common grading workflow.Usually, students or instructors scan and upload hand-written homework or exams. Instructors create a living rubric that allows for speedy grading. Gradescope supports workflows for both individual student assignments (homework) and instructor upload of … AI-Assisted Answer Groups - Uses Gradescope’s artificial intelligence to automatically group similar student answers that instructors can review and grade (available only for some question types). This video shows how to set up, review, and grade student submissions using manual answer grouping or AI-Assisted answer grouping for a fixed ... Many Atlanta residents complain about the high cost of water. According to the Atlanta Journal-Constitution, Atlanta residents pay 108 percent more than New York City residents and...Gradescope Autograder Documentation Home; Updates; Getting Started; Autograder Specifications; Manual Grading; Technical Details; Base Images; Debugging via SSH. Adding an SSH key. Account settings; Logging in via SSH; Persisting changes; Troubleshooting; Python 3 Issues; Autograder Best Practices;Students need to be provided with a printed Gradescope Bubble Answer Sheet (PDF) to enter their name, student ID number and their answer choices. (Please do not make any changes to this standard answer template). Completed answer sheets are scanned (using a standard photocopier). The scanned pdfs are then uploaded to Gradescope. Solution 2: Ask an admin or another instructor to change your Canvas role to "instructor" and then have them resync the roster in Gradescope. Solution 3: If your role or permissions cannot be changed, ask another instructor to sync the roster or post grades in Gradescope for you. I can only sync part of my roster. Gradescope is used primarily by instructors in the physical and life science disciplines in LAS (e.g., Chemical Sciences, Mathematics, Statistics, and others) as well as in Engineering. Most needs in other disciplinary categories seem to be covered adequately by the various systems—for example, Moodle and Compass—already in use on our campus.Gradescope is a tool offered by Turnitin that provides a new way of submitting and marking assessment. As Gradescope is new, it is extremely important that you follow the best practice advice in these guides. Gradescope enables electronic creation, delivery, submission and marking of a number of assessment types: It is particularly useful for ...May 25, 2023 · This tool allows instructors to electronically collect scanned paper assignments from students and grade them online. Gradescope can also be used in a completely online mode using the "Homework" type of assignment. Gradescope can help with distributing, collecting, and grading take-home exams, lab forms, and other paper-based activities without ... Gradescope helps instructors seamlessly administer and grade assessments, whether online or in-person. Dynamic rubrics Built in advance or created on the fly, rubrics can be constructed collaboratively and adjusted at any time. New Gradescope users: At this point, a new Gradescope account will be created for you if you do not already have one associated with the email address you use in Sakai. If you end up with multiple Gradescope accounts under multiple emails, you can merge accounts. Existing Gradescope users: If you already have a Gradescope account under the email …Select the camera icon on the main screen. If you’re scanning multiple pages, tap the image icon in the top right corner of the screen to switch to batch mode. Hold your phone above each page and click the spinning circle. Repeat for each page. The number in the circle will track how many pages you’ve scanned to the document.Gradescope makes it easier for instructors to quickly grade assignments and gain additional insights about student learning in any area of study, including economics, business, and STEM. Under the Turnitin umbrella, Gradescope’s tools combine our commitment to authenticity with efficient, unbiased, and consistent evaluations for any assignment type, …SDKs and APIs are both designed to shorten the development cycle of an application — but what's the difference? Trusted by business builders worldwide, the HubSpot Blogs are your n...If you need Gradescope support or have questions, please contact Katrina Bitz, Instructional Technology Support Specialist, Academic Technology and Outreach: Barnard Hall 128. 406-994-1978. [email protected]. Book an appointment with Katrina. Scroll down the school list and select Montana State Unviersity NetID.Gradescope aids you in grading and understanding student work, which is a function of the institution's employees. Is under the direct control of the agency or institution with respect to the use and maintenance of education records. We only use educational records to perform and improve the service. We will delete student records upon request.Automatic teller machines are handy when you need cash on the fly and you are not near your bank. The problem is that if you are not careful, you can run into real problems when yo...Adding tags to your assignment's questions allows you to track student performance and progress on particular course concepts. On the Assignment Statistics page, make sure the Show Questions tab is selected. To assign a tag to a specific question, locate the question and select Click to Add Tags. Enter in a tag name, and press enter or select ... | jvqjxr (article) | dhauw.